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Another interesting aspect of neutralizing AP is the
2024-05-10
Another interesting aspect of neutralizing AP-1 is the inhibition of interactions between AP-1 and Smad proteins, which synergize to activate the TGF-β1-responsive genes involved in hypertrophic growth of the heart muscle and in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Through preventing AP-1 activation
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Because of the critical roles played by AMPK
2024-05-10
Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20
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br Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC
2024-05-10
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and accounts for 70–85% of all liver cancer diagnoses [1]. In East and South-East Asia, the occurrence of HCC and the related number of fatalities have gradually increased in recent decades [2
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Gadodiamide br Results br Discussion Many tumor cells rely o
2024-05-10
Results Discussion Many tumor Gadodiamide rely on EAAs to provide fundamental building blocks for macromolecular biosynthesis because they cannot synthesize EAAs de novo (Hattori et al., 2017; Sheen et al., 2011). Therefore, they must use highly effective transporters to maximize EAA uptake f
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br Introduction Breast cancer is
2024-05-10
Introduction Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women, and despite the development of new therapies there has been little decline in the mortality rate over the past decade (Siegel et al., 2015). This is partly due to the genetic diversity of breast cancers, such that there
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br Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr Bradf
2024-05-09
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr. Bradford B. Lowell for providing us with β-less and WT breeding pairs. Funding sources: This work was supported by NIH Grant DK028082 (to E.M.F) and by an Institutional Research Training Grant NRSA 5T32DK751627 (to N.D.). Introduction The e
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br Methods br Results br Discussion
2024-05-09
Methods Results Discussion Chronic stress renders individuals vulnerable to diseases, and this effect might be, at least partially, mediated by stress hormone-induced immunosuppression. Therefore, investigating the effects of catecholamines on immune BMS-754807 is of high relevance. We hypo
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The potential use of derivatives belonging to this series as
2024-05-09
The potential use of derivatives belonging to this series as therapeutic agents mostly depends on their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The pharmacokinetic phase includes absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of the studied compounds. Therefore, preliminary data for theore
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In clinical studies BA has been reported to promote dose
2024-05-09
In clinical studies, BA has been reported to promote dose-dependent LDL-C lowering effects of up to 30% as monotherapy, and up to an additional 24% when added in combination with stable statin therapy, or approximately 50% when combined with ezetimibe 109, 110, 111, 112. These effects were accompani
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br Experimental section br Acknowledgements
2024-05-09
Experimental section Acknowledgements Introduction DJ-1 is a highly conserved, homodimeric protein that was originally cloned as an oncogene capable of transforming acetylcholine chloride in cooperation with activated ras[1]. DJ-1 is over-expressed in multiple tumor types and is positively
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APJ receptor expression is altered in
2024-05-09
APJ receptor expression is altered in various cardiovascular diseases, and both increases as well as decreases in APJ receptor expression have been reported. A decrease in mRNA and protein levels of APJ receptors was observed in patients with ischemic heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopat
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To further address the mechanism of Didox s
2024-05-09
To further address the mechanism of Didox’s suppressive effects on mast cell activation, FceRI receptor daminozide and downstream transcription factor induction were assessed. We found that Didox had no effect on FceRI surface expression, and thus concluded that Didox effects must be occurring downs
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In addition enhanced AT receptor function abnormally
2024-05-08
In addition, enhanced AT1 receptor function abnormally increases central and sympathetic activity, contributing to cardiac and renal disease, which in turn alters homeostasis, increases vulnerability to stress, and further injures the brain, and that AT1 receptor blockade ameliorates excessive sympa
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br Brain cell reactions Brain cells in common
2024-05-08
Brain cell reactions Brain cells in common with all metabolic cells must contain chemically active primary compounds which spontaneously initiate and continue cell reactions under normal conditions of temperature and pressure (NTP). These compounds have been identified as monophosphoric and polyp
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Gratifyingly compound also demonstrated improved physicochem
2024-05-08
Gratifyingly, compound also demonstrated improved physicochemical properties with significant improvement in aqueous solubility. Compound was sufficiently potent to determine its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD); data is summarized in . shows ADME characteristics for compound and